GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP OF INDONESIA AND PUBLIC CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: RECONSTRUCTING MEMBERSHIP, IDENTITY, AND SOVEREIGNTY IN DIASPORA POLICY
Keywords:
Global Citizenship of Indonesia (GCI), diaspora citizenship, public pedagogy, political membershipAbstract
This article examines Indonesia's Global Citizenship (GCI) as a new policy that offers permanent residence permits to foreign nationals with strong ties to Indonesia in response to the polemic surrounding dual citizenship and diaspora issues. Using document analysis and conceptual analysis, this study places GCI within the framework of citizenship philosophy: citizenship as legal status, political membership, and participatory practices. Conceptual findings show that GCI reconstructs membership through the recognition of blood ties, kinship, and history without changing the principle of single citizenship sovereignty. The article then interprets the GCI as a form of public citizenship education, namely the way the state shapes a collective understanding of who is included in “us,” how loyalty is interpreted, and how the contributions of the diaspora are legitimized in the policy space. The implications discussed include the limits of citizen and state obligations, the risk of exclusion based on kinship categories, and the need for public ethical principles so that diaspora policies are not merely economistic, but oriented towards justice and accountability.
Downloads
References
ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2025. Indonesian diaspora divided over new Global Citizenship visa scheme as ... (3 December 2025). Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Link: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-03/indonesian-diaspora-divided-new-global-citizenship-visa/106075494
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Bloomberg. 2025. Indonesia Weighs New Lifetime Residency Incentives for Diaspora (28 November 2025). New York: Bloomberg. Link: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-28/indonesia-weighs-new-lifetime-residency-incentives-for-diaspora
Bowen, Glenn A. 2009. Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal. 9(2): 27–40. Link: https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Brubaker, Rogers. 2005. The ‘diaspora’ diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 28(1): 1–19. Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0141987042000289997
Dewey, John. 1916. Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Giroux, Henry A. 2004. Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: Making the Political More Pedagogical. Policy Futures in Education. 2(3–4): 494–503. Link: https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2004.2.3.5
Hammar, Tomas. 1990. Democracy and the Nation State: Aliens, Denizens and Citizens in a World of International Migration. Aldershot: Avebury.
Isin, Engin F., & Nielsen, Greg M. (Eds.). 2008. Acts of Citizenship. London: Zed Books.
Jackson, Frank. 1998. From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Krippendorff, Klaus. 2018. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Marshall, T. H. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mayring, Philipp. 2000. Qualitative Content Analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research / Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung. 1(2): Art. 20. Link: https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.2.1089
Ong, Aihwa. 1999. Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Prior, Lindsay. 2003. Using Documents in Social Research. London: SAGE Publications
Republik Indonesia. 2006. Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia. Link: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/39963/uu-no-12-tahun-2006
Reuters. 2025. Indonesia grants unlimited stay permit for former citizens in lieu of dual citizenship (24 November 2025). London: Reuters. Link: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-grants-unlimited-stay-permit-former-citizens-lieu-dual-citizenship-2025-11-24/
Sandlin, Jennifer A., Schultz, Brian D., & Burdick, Jake (Eds.). 2010. Handbook of Public Pedagogy: Education and Learning Beyond Schooling. New York: Routledge.
SBS Indonesian. 2025. ‘Still in process’: Here’s current details of permanent residence permit Global Citizenship of Indonesia (Podcast episode, 2025). Sydney: SBS. Link: https://www.sbs.com.au/language/indonesian/en/podcast-episode/tried-to-apply-for-global-citizenship-of-indonesia-but-no-avail-heres-why/0rnv0sf8x
Schreier, Margrit. 2012. Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. London: SAGE Publications.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2009. The Birthright Lottery: Citizenship and Global Inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taylor, Charles. 1992. “The Politics of Recognition”. Dalam Amy Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition”. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Walzer, Michael. 1983. Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books.
Young, Iris Marion. 1989. Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship. Ethics. 99(2): 250–274. Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2381434
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
